He rarely left his home city, and gradually became a celebrity there for his brilliant, witty but eccentric character. (Only in 1770 was he given a University chair in logic and metaphysics at KГ¶nigsberg.) He continued to work and lecture on, and publish widely, on a great variety of issues, but especially on physics and on the metaphysical issues behind physics and mathematics. After nine years supporting himself as a tutor to the children of several wealthy families in outlying districts, he returned to the University, finishing his degree and entering academic life, though at first (and for many years) in the modest capacity of a lecturer. In 1746 financial difficulties forced him to withdraw from the University. His early education first at a Pietist school and then at the University of KГ¶nigsberg was in theology, but he soon became attracted by problems in physics, and especially the work of Isaac Newton. Kant was born in KГ¶nigsberg, Prussia (now Kalingrad in Russia) in 1724 to Pietist Lutheran parents.

What follows here will be a brief account of KantвЂ™s life and works, followed by an overview of those themes that Kant felt bridged his philosophical works, and made them into one вЂcritical philosophyвЂ™. Because of KantвЂ™s huge importance, and the variety of his contributions and influences, this encyclopedia entry is divided into a number of subsections. Moreover, that influence extends over a number of different philosophical regions: epistemology, metaphysics, aesthetics, ethics, politics, religion. Certainly, he dominates the last two hundred years in the sense that вЂ“ although few philosophers today are strictly speaking Kantians вЂ“ his influence is everywhere. Immanuel Kant is often said to have been the greatest philosopher since the Greeks.

The Problem of the Unity of Philosophy and its Supersensible Objects.

The Final Purpose and KantвЂ™s Moral Argument for the Existence of God.

вЂThe Peculiarity of the Human UnderstandingвЂ™.

Idealism, Morality and the Supersensible.

The Central Problems of the Critique of Judgment.

For these two reasons, Kant claims he can demonstrate that the physical and moral universes вЂ“ and the philosophies and forms of thought that present them вЂ“ are not only compatible, but unified. Kant believes he can show that aesthetic judgment is not fundamentally different from ordinary theoretical cognition of nature, and he believes he can show that aesthetic judgment has a deep similarity to moral judgment. They can also be read together to form a brief birdвЂ™s-eye-view of KantвЂ™s theory of aesthetics and teleology. These will give the reader an idea of what topics are discussed in more detail in each section. After the Introduction, each of the above sections commences with a summary.

In his works on aesthetics and teleology, he argues that it is our faculty of judgment that enables us to have experience of beauty and grasp those experiences as part of an ordered, natural world with purpose. Like many Enlightenment thinkers, he holds our mental faculty of reason in high esteem he believes that it is our reason that invests the world we experience with structure. Immanuel Kant is an 18th century German philosopher whose work initated dramatic changes in the fields of epistemology, metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and teleology.

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